Raccoons

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A Comprehensive Guide to Raccoons: Description, Types, Attractions, and Control Methods

Raccoons are common wildlife creatures found in many parts of North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. Known for their intelligence and dexterous paws, raccoons can often become a nuisance when they invade urban areas, scavenging for food and shelter. This article will cover everything you need to know about raccoons, from their description and types to how to get rid of them naturally and the pest control methods used to handle infestations.

1. Description of Raccoons

Physical Appearance

Raccoons are medium-sized mammals with a distinct appearance. They have a grayish-brown coat with a characteristic black “mask” of fur around their eyes. Their most notable feature is their bushy, ringed tail. Adult raccoons typically weigh between 5 to 15 kilograms (11 to 33 pounds), with males being larger than females. Raccoons have sharp claws and highly sensitive front paws, which they use to explore their surroundings and manipulate objects, much like human hands.

Habitat

Raccoons are adaptable creatures that can live in a wide variety of environments. In the wild, they are often found in forests, wetlands, and wooded urban areas. They are excellent climbers and tend to live in hollow trees, attics, and abandoned buildings when they are in urban environments. Their adaptability allows them to thrive in both rural and urban areas.

2. Types of Raccoons

While the common raccoon (Procyon lotor) is the most widely recognized species, several other types exist, mainly based on geographic location. Below are some variations:

a) North American Raccoon (Procyon lotor)

The North American raccoon is the most well-known species, native to North America. It is highly adaptable and thrives in both urban and rural areas. This species is often associated with scavenging human waste and nesting in attics or basements.

b) Crab-Eating Raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)

Native to Central and South America, the crab-eating raccoon has a slightly different diet, which consists mainly of crabs and other aquatic animals. It is smaller than the North American raccoon and more specialized in its feeding habits.

c) Puerto Rican Raccoon (Procyon lotor var. gloverall)

A subspecies of the North American raccoon, the Puerto Rican raccoon has adapted to the island’s environment. It is considered endangered, with only a small population left in the wild.

3. What Attracts Raccoons?

Raccoons are opportunistic feeders, meaning they will take advantage of any available food source. Understanding what attracts raccoons is crucial in preventing them from entering your property.

Food Sources

  1. Garbage: Raccoons are notorious for rummaging through trash cans, seeking easy food sources such as leftovers, scraps, and even pet food.
  2. Bird Feeders: The seeds in bird feeders are highly attractive to raccoons, especially during the colder months.
  3. Fruit Trees: Raccoons love ripe fruits, such as apples, peaches, and berries, and will often raid gardens to steal these foods.
  4. Pet Food: Leaving pet food outside overnight can invite raccoons into your yard.
  5. Compost Bins: Organic waste, especially food scraps, attracts raccoons searching for an easy meal.

Shelter

  1. Attics and Basements: Raccoons seek shelter in warm, safe places, and attics or basements provide the perfect environment for nesting, especially during colder months.
  2. Sheds, Garages, and Barns: Any outdoor structure with easy access can become a home for raccoons.
  3. Hollow Trees: In natural habitats, raccoons prefer hollow trees or other dark, secluded areas to make their dens.

4. How to Get Rid of Raccoons Naturally

If you’re looking for natural ways to get rid of raccoons, here are some effective strategies:

a) Secure Garbage

Use raccoon-proof garbage bins with tight-fitting lids to prevent raccoons from rummaging through your trash. Consider storing garbage in an outdoor shed or in a secure area.

b) Remove Food Sources

Stop feeding pets outdoors and clean up any leftover food. Remove bird feeders during the night or place them in a raccoon-proof enclosure. Harvest ripe fruits from trees regularly.

c) Block Entry Points

Inspect your home for any potential entry points, such as gaps in the roof, chimney, or vents. Seal any cracks or holes to prevent raccoons from entering your attic or walls.

d) Use Natural Repellents

Some natural repellents can discourage raccoons from approaching your property:

  • Cayenne Pepper: Sprinkling cayenne pepper around the garden, near entry points, or on garbage can deter raccoons.
  • Garlic and Onion: Raccoons dislike strong odors like garlic and onion. Placing garlic cloves or onion slices near entry points may keep them away.
  • Ammonia: Soaking rags in ammonia and placing them near entry points or in areas frequented by raccoons can create an unpleasant environment for them.

e) Motion-Activated Lights or Sprinklers

Raccoons are nocturnal, so installing motion-activated lights or sprinklers can startle them, making your property less appealing.

5. Pest Control Methods Used Against Raccoons

If natural methods fail or if the raccoon problem becomes severe, professional pest control methods may be necessary. Here are some common pest control strategies used to manage raccoon infestations:

a) Trapping and Relocation

Licensed pest control companies often use humane traps to capture raccoons. Once captured, the raccoons are relocated far from the property to prevent them from returning.

b) Exclusion

Exclusion is a long-term solution that involves sealing off potential entry points. This could include installing chimney caps, securing vents, and reinforcing the roof and foundation to block any openings.

c) Professional Repellents

Commercial repellents that contain ingredients like mothballs or predator urine (such as that of coyotes) can be applied around the property. These substances create an unpleasant environment for raccoons, encouraging them to move on.

d) Fumigation

In some cases, pest control experts may use fumigation to eliminate raccoons from attics or walls, although this method is typically used as a last resort.

Raccoons are fascinating but often troublesome creatures. Understanding their habits and what attracts them can help in keeping them away from your property. While there are several natural ways to deter raccoons, professional pest control methods may be required for more severe infestations. Whether you’re dealing with a few raccoons or a full-scale infestation, addressing the issue promptly will help protect your home and garden from further damage

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