Detailed Guide to Possums: Description, Types, Attraction, and Control Methods

Possums are nocturnal creatures that belong to the marsupial family. They are often found in urban areas and rural habitats in regions such as North America, Australia, and New Zealand. While they can be beneficial in certain ecosystems, they are also known to be pests when they invade homes or damage property. This article will explore the description, types, attraction, natural ways to get rid of them, and pest control methods used against possums.

Description of Possums

Possums are medium-sized marsupials with a wide range of physical features depending on the species. They are generally characterized by:

Size: Possums vary in size, but they typically range from 12 inches to 33 inches in length, excluding the tail, which can be another 12 to 24 inches long.
Fur: Their fur can range from gray to brown or black, with some species having white or light-colored underbellies.
Tail: Possums have long, prehensile tails that help them balance and grip trees. This tail also serves as a fifth limb for climbing.
Face: They have pointed snouts, sharp teeth, and large, dark eyes, giving them a distinctive appearance.

Possums are known for their ability to adapt to various environments, making them common in forests, woodlands, urban areas, and even suburban neighborhoods.

Types of Possums

There are several species of possums, but the two most commonly recognized types are:

1. North American Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Location: Native to North America, particularly in the United States and Canada.
Appearance: They have a white face, gray or black fur, and a long prehensile tail.
Behavior: Opossums are known for “playing possum” or “playing dead” when threatened, which is a defense mechanism against predators.

2. Australian Possum (Family: Phalangeridae)

Location: Found throughout Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea.
Appearance: Australian possums include several species such as the Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps), which are typically smaller, with bushy tails and more vibrant fur colors.
Behavior: These possums are tree-dwelling and are often seen in urban areas seeking food from garbage bins or roofs.

What Attracts Possums?

Possums are opportunistic feeders, and several factors can attract them to your property:

1. Food Sources

Possums are attracted to easy food sources, including:

Garbage and Compost: Leftover food and scraps.
Pet Food: Uncovered pet dishes can lure possums.
Fruit Trees: They love fruits such as apples, peaches, and grapes.
Bird Feeders: Seeds and nuts can be a major draw.

2. Shelter

Possums are nocturnal and seek shelter during the day. Common places they find shelter include:

Attics: Warm, quiet spaces in attics are perfect for nesting.
Roof Spaces: If access is available, possums will enter through gaps or vents.
Sheds and Garages: Dark, secluded spots offer shelter.

3. Water Sources

Possums are drawn to water sources like garden ponds, pet water bowls, or leaky pipes, especially in dry seasons.

How to Get Rid of Possums Naturally

If you have a possum infestation, there are several natural ways to discourage them from taking up residence:

1. Remove Food Sources

Secure Trash Bins: Keep garbage bins tightly sealed to prevent possums from accessing food.
Remove Pet Food: Don’t leave food outdoors overnight.
Harvest Fruits Promptly: Pick fruits from trees before possums can reach them.

2. Create Barriers

Seal Entry Points: Inspect your home for holes, gaps, or cracks around the roof, foundation, and windows. Seal these with strong materials like steel mesh or hardware cloth.
Install Fencing: Use a fence around gardens or compost piles. Ensure it is at least 3 feet tall with a bent top to prevent possums from climbing over.

3. Use Natural Repellents

Strong Scents: Possums are sensitive to strong smells. You can place garlic, hot pepper, or ammonia around entry points to deter them.
Essential Oils: Essential oils like eucalyptus, peppermint, or citronella can be effective when sprayed around the house.
Predator Urine: The scent of predators like coyotes or foxes can frighten possums. Commercial predator urine can be bought and spread around the area.

4. Use Sound and Light

Motion-Activated Lights: Possums are nocturnal and avoid well-lit areas. Motion-activated lights can deter them from approaching.
Ultrasonic Repellents: These devices emit sounds that are unpleasant for possums but undetectable to humans.

Pest Control Methods Used Against Possums

When natural methods are insufficient or when possums pose a significant threat to health or property, professional pest control methods may be necessary. These include:

1. Trapping

Live traps can be set up to catch possums without harming them. Once trapped, the possums can be relocated to a more suitable habitat. Traps should be checked frequently to ensure the possums are not left in them for too long.

2. Exclusion

Professionals may use exclusion techniques to ensure that possums are unable to enter homes or other structures. This includes the installation of one-way doors, sealing up holes, and adding barriers to roofs.

3. Fumigation

In some severe cases, fumigation may be used in outdoor areas where possums are nesting. This method must be handled carefully to avoid harming other animals or the environment.

4. Chemical Repellents

In certain situations, pest control experts may use chemical repellents to deter possums from coming onto the property. These should only be used as a last resort due to potential harm to non-target animals and the environment.

Possums are fascinating yet challenging creatures to deal with, especially when they invade urban spaces. Understanding their behavior, what attracts them, and how to prevent them from settling in your space can help protect your property and keep them at bay. Whether you choose natural methods or opt for professional pest control services, it’s essential to act quickly to avoid the negative impacts possums can cause to homes, gardens, and the overall environmen