A Detailed Guide About Pigeons: Description, Types, Attractants, Natural Solutions, and Pest Control Methods

Pigeons are one of the most common birds found in cities and rural areas around the world. While many people see them as harmless, pigeons can be a significant pest when they invade homes, buildings, and public spaces. This article explores everything you need to know about pigeons, including their description, types, what attracts them, how to get rid of them naturally, and pest control methods.

1. Description of Pigeons

Pigeons, scientifically known as Columba livia, are medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short legs, and small heads. They have strong wings, allowing them to fly at high speeds and cover long distances. While pigeons are naturally found in rocky cliffs and urban areas, their adaptability has allowed them to thrive in both environments.

Physical Characteristics

Size: Pigeons typically measure between 30-37 cm in length and weigh between 200-400 grams.
Color: They are often grayish-blue with iridescent feathers around their necks. However, pigeon colors can vary greatly, ranging from white and black to mottled patterns.
Beak: Pigeons have short, thin beaks.
Feet: Their feet are pinkish-red and have three forward-pointing toes and one backward-pointing toe for gripping surfaces.

2. Types of Pigeons

There are many species of pigeons, but here are the most common types found in urban areas:

1. Rock Pigeon (Common Pigeon)

The most widespread species of pigeon in cities worldwide.
Their blue-gray appearance with two black bars on their wings is the classic “pigeon” look.

2. Passenger Pigeon (Extinct)

Once abundant in North America, passenger pigeons were driven to extinction due to overhunting and habitat destruction.

3. White Pigeon (Dove)

A variant of the rock pigeon, white pigeons are often used in religious or ceremonial events.
They are primarily white but can come in other colors.

4. Feral Pigeon

These pigeons are descended from the domesticated rock pigeon but have adapted to living in the wild.
Commonly found in urban areas, feral pigeons are often confused with the common pigeon.

3. What Attracts Pigeons?

Pigeons are naturally drawn to areas where food, water, and shelter are abundant. Understanding what attracts pigeons can help in preventing infestations.

1. Food Sources

Pigeons are opportunistic feeders and will eat almost anything, including grains, seeds, and human food. In urban areas, pigeons are often attracted to:

Bird feeders: Seeds and grains are an easy food source for pigeons.
Trash bins: Pigeons will scavenge in garbage containers and leftovers.
Pet food: Outdoor pet food can attract pigeons.

2. Water

Pigeons need water for drinking and bathing. They are often seen near fountains, pools, or any water source.

3. Shelter and Roosting Spots

Pigeons seek sheltered areas to roost and nest, such as:

Building ledges: They prefer flat, protected surfaces.
Attics and lofts: These enclosed spaces offer privacy for nesting.
Bridges and underpasses: Urban infrastructure provides ideal spots for pigeons.

4. Lack of Predators

Pigeons thrive in areas where there are fewer natural predators, which is why urban environments are so attractive to them.

4. How to Get Rid of Pigeons Naturally

If pigeons have become a nuisance around your home or business, there are several natural methods to get rid of them without harming them. These methods focus on discouraging pigeons from settling in your space.

1. Use of Natural Repellents

Garlic and chili spray: A mixture of garlic, chili powder, and water can create a repellent spray that pigeons dislike.
Peppermint oil: Pigeons dislike the strong smell of peppermint. You can make a natural pigeon repellent by mixing peppermint oil with water and spraying it around your property.
Vinegar: The smell of vinegar can deter pigeons. Soak cloths in vinegar and place them in areas where pigeons tend to roost.

2. Installing Bird Spikes

Installing bird spikes on ledges, rooftops, and other flat surfaces can prevent pigeons from landing or roosting in these areas. These spikes don’t harm the birds but make it difficult for them to settle.

3. Using Reflective Materials

Pigeons are disturbed by bright lights and shiny objects. You can deter pigeons by:

Hanging reflective tape or aluminum foil strips around your home or business.
Installing reflective bird-repellent balloons or discs.

4. Netting and Mesh

Installing bird netting or mesh around balconies, attics, or other nesting areas will prevent pigeons from entering these spaces. It is an effective and humane way to keep them out.

5. Predatory Bird Decoys

Pigeons are afraid of predators like hawks and owls. Installing a decoy of a predator bird can help in scaring pigeons away.

5. Pest Control Methods for Pigeons

If natural solutions don’t work, professional pest control methods may be required. Pest control companies typically use the following methods to deal with pigeon infestations:

1. Trapping

Pigeon trapping involves capturing pigeons in humane traps and relocating them to a safe environment. This method is effective for small infestations but requires regular monitoring.

2. Fumigation

While not common for pigeons, fumigation may be used in extreme cases to address nesting issues within enclosed spaces like attics.

3. Pigeon Birth Control

Some pest control companies offer pigeon birth control programs. These programs involve administering contraceptives to pigeons to reduce the population over time.

4. Professional Nest Removal

Pest control experts can safely remove pigeon nests and eggs, preventing the pigeons from continuing to reproduce in your space.

5. Pigeon Exclusion Services

Pest control companies often provide pigeon exclusion services, which involve identifying entry points and sealing them off to prevent pigeons from entering your property.

Pigeons may seem harmless at first, but they can quickly become a significant problem if left unchecked. Understanding what attracts them, the types of pigeons that commonly infest urban areas, and how to get rid of them naturally can help prevent their presence. When natural methods are not enough, professional pest control services can effectively manage pigeon infestations using humane and safe practices. By taking the right measures, you can keep your space pigeon-free and avoid the potential health risks they pose